Socialist Press no. 130: Reference Supplement, Marxist Terminology

A special reference supplement What we mean when we say: ... -Why do we use Marxist terminology? Socialist Press is a news.

the pages of our press in a articles.

which presents specific way, which may paper But to help even more Marxist analysis of the well appear to bear little or have we ine events and topics that it no relation to everyday lan- this opportunity covers. Christmas holiday issue to Clant. Within the limited space The reason for this is present a pull-out supple- available to us we present simple. Marxism is a science.

ment offering brief explan- the most detailed possible Like any science, it needs a ations of some of the terms examination of the class vocabulary to describe the won't find which you struggle both in Britain and forces, the processes and the explained in a dictionary.

on a world scale. changes it is analysing. The brevity of some of We attempt to bring into like And, again any today's struggles science, only avoid our explanations will mean It can from the historical that certain aspects of the using such a vocabulary and experiences of the working terms defined will be left everyday out. But the length of them movement words or the onrases long struggle for revolution- compared to the term being expense of brevity and ary politics. defined will show why the precision. But in doing so we are We do not make a virtue use of a certain degree of often obliged to use termin- out of using such termin- scientific "jargon ology which might strike necessary if we are to offer ology-which we know must the present itself as a problem analysis of the reader as unnecessarily any serious complex and daunting. international class struggle!

many readers-and we Many words are used in keep it to a minimum in our Trotskyism Lenin, co-leader of the October 1917 revolution in Russia, and prominent in me touncine ane the first four congresses of the Communist International. ••DosiTIon growing bureaucratic power of the Stalinist clique in the Soviet UnIon ano nis outsooken of their policies both criticism Russia Trotsky, along with his support- ers. was slandered driven from leading positions in government and the Party Trotsky eventudily ana driven into exile.

LENINISM

But his consistent struggle for the principles of Marxism ane ine continuity or lenin s fight for international revolu- continued to attract the tion Dest ane MosT tenacious fighters, and laid the basis for the long struggles prior to the Lenin's achieve- the Fourth October Revolution. of ment was in taking the theoreti- International in 1938 Lenin's basic positions or cal positions or marx and engels and wedding them the party spelled out in the key … rotskvism is theretore the general term for the system of particular form of the Bolshevik 1902 book What is To Be Done?

ideas and the wealth of practical party organisea are summed u• in une retro spective account presented exoerience unar loday torms une sona! centralised basis, and continuity revolutionary capable of the analysis and the Left Wing Communism, Marxism and the October Infantile Disorder (1920) sharp tactical turns necessary in Revolution. Dialectical materialisme forces and laws of motion that The Marxist theory of know- drive it forward. ledge anc worio-view which understands the universe Trolsky points out. composed of matter in motion.

"The fundamental flaw of the fact vulgar thought lies in the redilly nroduct continuing move. unat it wisnes • to content Itse t ment and change brought about with motionless reith votion es sints of strat imprints conflict and inter through action-te carecc-o oooos- motion... ite forces. "Dialectical thinking is related to vulgar thinking in the People's ideas too, produced same way mal a motion dicture the material of by processes Theatedion pitil photos not their materidi ordills. dre only motion picture does one of the infinite forms of the outlaw tne still photograpn, Dut of changing matter, combines series of shot reflecting historical the social, according the laws and economical the an Marx Once the world is grasped as Defence Marxism, a process opposed material p.65-6) the tools for probing beneath Torces in connict ano in move.

See also Engels Ludwig the surface ment, dialectical materialism appearance Feuerbach and une offers to revolutionary Marxists class struggle and analysing the Classical German Philosophy.

Dictatorship of the proletariat I he dictatorship of the prol etariat a transitional period between Capitalist alfu sucidi- commencing Ism, with the seizure of power by the armed also extended and Lenır developed Marx's analysis of the capitalist state, Caullalls economic crisis and tne struggle of nations for self-determina- tion. internationalism was demon- fight for the strated by Joundation or me are wom munist) International in 1919 But his death 1924 make une conse •aon or taf power of the Stalinist bureau- which usurped Lenin's name nine sul or ta reactionary nationalist positions.

DEMOCRATIC

CENTRALISM

The method of organisation fought Lenin 101

LITE

Bolshevik Party, maximising discussion in democratic decisions, and ther makingol ensuring full, centralised disci- pline of the party in carrying out decisions. Ine orain st bureau. cracy democratic centralism was perverted bureaucratic Centransm. became simply the tool of the Lenin working class led by the revol- utionary party. period Durina inIs necessary for the working class establish authority of the exorooridtion employers and lay the founda.

for a planned economy ana ine social transtormation oi socie ly While this social transfor- mation is takine diace. classes do not automatically disappear but continue to exist. But whereas captialism represents the bosses its bourgeois democratic or totalit- arian torm-over oiner classes ir society. the dictatorship of the proletariat represents the dictat- OrSnID class the vast majority ofsociety- over the capitalists through its control of central government military force and workers' control of industry. leading bureaucrats. The Fourth International ir 1938 restored Lenin's form of without inner democracy. revolutionary Without discipline-no „tionarv action in nei the Fourth Inter- national is based on eemocratc centransm. Tull freedom in discussion, complete unity in action."

COMMUNISM

A communist societv is oni in which class antagonisms have disappeared after the overthrow class. Communism will be reached after the dictatorship ot the nroletariat where ine bourceois unit has been replaced, and the wages system, the state machinery and the distinction and countryside town nave witnere dvdy Scientifically then communism would be a society where social relations are based

NOL

exciotion out on

LT U

principles progress that conditions of human nature." Lenir Theor In( Communists may be summed up the single sentence. ot private this l property meant not the personal property of the wage labourer or even the petty artisan and peasantry, but private property bouroeois which exploits the many by the few." Communist Manifesto

PERMANENT

REVOLUTION

The theory developed by Trotsky after 1905 and subse quently adopted Lenin stressing the leading role of the WorKine class revolutiondr struggles in backward, colonial and underdeveloped countries.

Trotsky showed in his book Permanent Revolutior that these countries even democratic • national inde demanus suct pendence and lane retorm could omy oe carried out wy d revolu the working class at tion led une nedu In accomplishing these tasks, the would then beyond the limits of F bourgeois orivate property ano result the completion of the socialist revolution. Revolutionary defeatism The coutoreaK ot tne rirs World War in 1914 brought a protound spiit in the ranks of the Second International, as the social democratic party in each imperials Count declaret itself for the defence of its "own fatherland" against Torean dooression Lenin Trotsky, Luxemburg and a tiny of the minority Second International stood out against this position, which they pointed out amounted to these trom class. place of defence of the tatherland, the internationalists arque tor a line ot revolution.

ary defeatism" This stated that the primary question tor ine workino class tr any country is the revolutionary overthrow own bour-

ITS

geolsie, and inal such a struggle should be maintained even at the expense of a defeat in war by That bourgeoisie "foreign" rival Such a defeat, they argued woto be aar asser evil to le working class than the forma tion of a political bloc betweer une workers movement ano te capitalist class.

STALINISM Popul Quite 'revisionism' simply. is a general term the revisine. ano (neretore une adan' donment of basic propositions, and concepts developed by the revolutionarv movement. Under general heading inIs Opportunism Within the bureaucratic leaderships of workers' political ano trade union oreanisalions opportunism means exploiting the strength of the working class not lo secure ts demanus, Dut the position and secure privilege of the leaders them- seives Such leaders effectively balance between the two main classes or socierv. out reman.

the last analysis, committed "peaceful preserving a lence welween Ilit

VU KITC

class and the capitalists.

But certain would-be 'revol- taking the occasion- lett wing ot such sucehiit leaders тасе value. seek through political compromises with to find a short cut them to une mass memoersm or trei organisations. Such behaviour, dropping both principles and programme in the hopes of easy pickings, is also opportunism. State capitalism One the currents that OT argues Tha: pse Stalinist bureaucracy the Soviet Union in the mid 1920s amounted to a reversar oT tne the October 1917 gains establish- and revolutos inle ment of the bureaucracy as a ruling class what was now a "state capitalist This superficial anaysis- which sees the Kremlin bureau- cracy in a one-sided, a-historical WaV-s now

MOSI

Uriel encountered The BrITISN Socialist Workers Party (former- ly the International Socialists).

Tony Ine tounder ot is, Cliff, was correcuy exportu from the Fourth Intenational 1950 for his refusal sundort either China or North Korea against military attack by US imperialism. examination of the ror alas natane es tie stie "state capitalist answer position Trotsky's honks nevouton Betrayed and In Defence Marxicm Stalinism is the term to des- cribe the politics of the bureau cratie caste neaded by Josel Stalin, which rose to political ower in une acule economic disiocation of the Soviet Union in the 1920s, and which remains were lo unis udy Ine soviet union emerged from the October Revolution as a workers state. State ownership •T mne neans

OT GUCION

necessary prerequisite to social.

Possiety on rapid ged uph the possibility rapid growth the broductive torces apparatus of the workers' state underwent a com comelete deceneration Ine same time: it was transformed from a weapon of the working casc ^ nzo à ven q n cratic violence against the work- ing class and more and more a wegoon tor the sabotage ot the The bureaucratisation of backward and isolated workers state transformation the of the bureaucracy into an all- powertul privileged caste consti- tute the most convincing retu tation-not only theoretically. but this time practically-of the Revisionism Poud n tor ing o undersand, Lenin respond intervene Engels, _rOtsKV. many WAlCA are tooav s strudetes. Iu s necessary explained in more detail below.

to start from and to defend the and methods principles wnen we attack ravsonIsm estad s nec n tne ast o revol it does not mean that we regard utionaries who have drawn on wealth practical and their Marxism nang ng. wooden dogma. Ineoretcal experence Empiricism Perhaps motion. It cannot see the wood ine most common failing ot would-be revolution- vor mne trees aries, empiricism is an approach Utopian and Scien- roocialism, to the class struggle based not tific). Empiricism therefore on any deoth of analvsis but on the superficial appearances produces in those groups which follow method, this repeated, events druml de dreny dralan shifts of policy with each turn The empiricist sees history as the political situation, since 'tacIs suchessur dilu single exceptional events, anc Tor Inem. Doicies are Dasea not not in the Marxist manner as a on the fundamental processes of process unfolding as a result of the class struggle but on surface micelid laws u mUlron dupca arces diure up the consistently anaels summed z ne empiricisi empiric iste coachi claims to recognise "reality' fact contemplation but consistently individual things it forgets the surprised bi events. ana leTT them; chasing after them. connection netwAen the contemplation of their exis.

state capitalism torgets beginning LolICe ana rank ano mueism are amone the most obvious empirical ten- an• eno ot that existence of their repose, forgets their dencies. Workerism A vague, comparatively new - Workingentas Since waraks ahe orientated towards term, coined and generally used oetty boureeois revisionisl strus calent, une lerm is nol groups, the pages of Socialist to cascribe movements use• in that are thought to be obsessive- Press. theory of socialism in one Coty. USSR thus embodie: terrific contradictions. But it degenerated still remains workers state." (Trotsky, Transitona Programme). This bureaucratisation of the Communist Party of the Sovie Union led directly to the trans- Cery mue it Internationa and ever Urle The natona commun si rate from instruments world and revolution into the tools moumoleces tne olalas! bureaucracy The Stalinists' privileges and positIon rester ncreasinov balancing between the national- the ised property relations Soviet Union on the one hanc and delas with imperialism on -rationalised through other •lalin s isz4 Ineor ot dula ing "socialism in single country" Conscious opposition This drove the bureaucracı or honiols tosi posi ion conscious opposition revolutionarv movements witnir the international working class which might disrupt this Pabloism Michel Pabio was secretarv the post-war Trotskyist Fourth International. Under the pressure of acute isolation and the continued survival of the Kremlin bureau- clacy. r doru vas laken i wy une appearances trom Stalinism Yugoslavian Pablo developed the theory that the YCP had ceased to be a Conte evoldl y wal ly ana nad evorved under oressure of its mass membership, into a centrist revolutionary even partv. If this were true in Yugo slavia, why not the mass Western CPs? Seeing this as a short cut to the building revo utionary Pablo insisted on throughout I rotskyist turope turning towaras entry into the mass Communist Parties, in the hope that wol rion Fed their towaros revolution ary politics This policy led in 1953 to a solt in tne rourin internaton- al. Of course no CP did evolve ano everv one o Pablo's impressions was proven false Nothing dauntea, and still seeking a short cut to the build- ing of a mass movement, Pablo Tnen turneo towaros compro mises with the various national- ist forces leading colonial revol- Ultra-leftism amounts to a refusal to use bourgeois parlia- tactics ments, elections or any mandeuvres in . ine struCUFt for socialism. In particular (Third Period Wrone ism) on tne mignt against tne reformist leaders. the Third and Fourth Congresses of the Third Inter the task of breaking workers social democracy could from tions. The the United tactic of Front was .•ФoTeO calls on the social democratic joint leaders engage struggles alongside Communists, so that the of the social demo. ur cachely could crats excec practice. Ultra-leftism rejects such tactics. ano altemots to subsli tute shrill denunciations of the delicate balance of forces.

When in 1933 the crushing 'In the wake of the 1933 of the German working class by defeat : of the German working the Nazis failed to raise a flicker class Hitler the Stalinist by interest ТГОЛ movemen. rejuctant avan Communist International,. doned its catastrophic ultra-left Trotsky declared it completely policy, and in 1934 adopted the pur eduer aliscu anu dedu lor litt suraled inle ari-inciusivt "People's Front" against purposes ot revolution He called for the building of fascism. the Fourth Intenational Stalinism lives or . nowever various national Com- the munist Parties reflecting politics ot the parasitic Kremlin bureaucracy In the post war period this nureaucracy nas ansured …thal even the collapse of imperialist Eastern control over Europe, paris ot asia ano tuba nas no led to independent proletarian revolutions. In fightina Stalinism. we rotskyists start out trom the defence and extension of the Octobe gains the revolu- n ne sat donoser property relations in the USSR and degenerated workers Th e state. kyr for tihs inditg ese Trotskyist parties

EPIGONISM:

Epigones are countries tor ine pontica oven throw of the Stalinist bureau- corrupt the teachings of their le cracy and for world revolution.

for the Stalinist bureaucracy, w utons His method of approach to building the party was copied manv Terow ledders or une Fourth International. the eternal search for a readv-made revoluticnar party, and the avoidance of the Trotskyist thus lives C On today ine oopor tunist politics the various grouping carna ibea eles this Internaliond caroon-cobieo ov tne DoltIcs •.

the present day leadership of 'United" Secretariat of the rOUTII Internatondl under Ernest Mandel. Hence Mandelism equals Pabloism Abstentionism A conscious refusal by a self- styled "revolutionary group to involve itselt in the strugales o1

HEAL

the working class Brand with revisionism Healy associated Gerry Electoralism currentlv a leader of the Britisi Workers Revolutionary Party and the "International Commit Preoccupation with involve- ment in elections, creating the which he founder musion indi member tnemseives otter a way torward for the working class. Healy's politics combine sec

ULTRA-LEFTISM

see Lenin, Left Wing leaders, cociai hemocrats Cana even The building alternative "red" Communism, An Infantile strugale Ulull. ballem. wisoreer among the mass of the working class.

SECTARIANISM

The mos catastroonic The substitution fixed of example of such a policy was in abstract formulas and the period 1928-34 defined by Stalin as the Third Period-the ore•gana cor d conslant studt objective conditions and period Tina Callasm active intervention and particip- heralding its collapse and its ation in the class strugale replacement by soviets. •ectarian Ism spearates int gration orne elte oro this forecast line with gramme from the need Stalin arecteo ine corminis International on a course rim ct workine class lo acceot il, dnu cEm= sees solitical discussion, not as a : soc a involved branaıra instrument, but as a cratc baries a parties ara •==: : ¿o~=÷:g of :na .-e== -=-morar expressions *° sec:arianısm can be seen ir spit in ine so.serful Ge-man •oocoȚor Tne TaCTIC labour movement, which even voting for Labour in elections Sectarianism is often accom- Tualy Tach laled Hitier's rise to power • •aneo ov d à zvn For the Marxist position or gant manner and a pronouncec intrigue, tendency bourgeo s elections use o • LI It Lovar e Parlament, ano tne retormis cossio ano nvsterld

SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 20 December 1978 ar Frontism These "fronts" included not oniv The order mass workers parties-the social democrats hitherto branded 'social fascists -ouT dise so-called "Progressive sections the bourgeoisie" who were suppos edly allies of the workine class in the struggle for democracy followers who falsify and ader. Trotsky used the term 1o posed as "Leninists".

VISM

abstention • baran Ine struggles of the working class with an ultra-left refusal to fight tor transitional demands, ana an opportunist adaptation to petty leaders nationalist Yassir suCh Ararat. Liovan Gaddafi and the Iraqi dictator well as the Vietnamese Stalinist regime in Hanor. Such positions reflect failure Healy carry by break from aulitical The methods Trom whom he split organisationally in 1953. Healy Centrism REFORMISM deneral farm tor a narty political current or an individua against fascism. The develoned view valhalllie welvveer Bernstein and others the In order not to alienate such in and revolutionary politics.

parties, the Popular Fronts were German Social Democratic Aș Trotsky points out, the built centrist hates all precise charac- rarty eno internationdi, al lit turn exciuced socials! Doncies tne century that the tersations unable nationalisation or any indepen- ultimate goal of socialism could understand that principles are the "gradual" achieved by not dead ballast, but a lifeline to working class. result the "democratic' and peacetul paved reform of the capitalist system ropular Front the for way The material basis on which Ine victory Franco in 1939. the ideas of reformism came to dominate the European labour policy OTsUDor dinating the workers' movement

MENSHEVISM

the movement-leading to bourgeois parties re-emerged Seconc deceneration International-was the increas Dost-wal beriod. and Is now the predominant policy of European prosperity the Communist Parties The opportunist wing of the capitalism as a result or the nuge Western Europe and internation drive to colonise the world Kussian socia bemocratic rarty ally which split with Lenin in 1903 the half of second nine. the over the issue of party rules teenin century Lenin wanted a stronav cen The crumbs from the super tralised party discipline profits made available over its membership: the Men particular organised The policy has been raised to "theory' in the sneviks wantee a party skiied sections or workers Inu: the level would accept "any striker" strengthening view that as a the

WOTK

Itallan. •oanisn and to gradual reform could lead French Stalinist leaders and towards socialism. 'theory of Eurocommun- del unatt me party a contro reformist Menshevik really Ine In won verdi criticIsm: reflected their that the leaders, for and the Too, the the degenerated workers' Labour Party and the class should combine states is combined with support ot fighting witaune noera boureeoise intellen bourgeois covernments dna overthrow Tsarism and establish socialism and are only blocs with bourgeois political "democratic republic with preventing concerned parties. the stage prot to socia revo unon. October 1917 revolutios. opposed the class and the capitalists through their "skills" at negotiating Liquidationism Economism,spontaneity •The term liquidationist now applied political Lenuencies seen dissolve the independence of the revolutionary party of the work.

Trade have their working conditions and unIons built ionship with another, broader, nistoricallv weer livine slanadas often politically hostile or non- As such, therefore, trade workers who lack any depth of reformist organisa political awareness. unions are rule laran tomation Thus Pabloism in the 1950s fiahting i nev drise mom une soonian- concession: liquidate eous desires of the working class within the framework of capital- threatened fight back against the attacks iS These struggles are for this Trotskvism IntO Stalinist parties, and, later, into or une emplover, and to morove petty bourgeois the Syndicalism countries Liquidationism not Ques result necessarily in the organ

IOSS

membersaiD but it does, invariably mean an Here, trade unions are seen politics. indepen- This is basing itself on the sumicient ends tniem dent programme of Marxism.

selves. syndicalist argues backward consciousness of that politics should be kept out sections the working class Propagandism •i ine tade unions ane in Tont and attemouine tne ing for this opposes revolution- development revolutionary politics leadership in the working class al y While ally revolutionary can leac militant Revolton movement must argue tne case workers completely away from trade unions alone, socialism for ant usel come through doctorary weldust only through distribution the plays on hostility their development ot a revolutionary materia earles. party that tiants withIn ine newspapers, pamphlets, books- and this unions but also all away capitalist oppres Teeling, TUrns workers spheres where from only source theIr place SIon sovie li development, i.e. revolutionary utionary leadersnip in tae work type organs power that ing class. include all the oppressed sectors Trotskyist Transitional Subjectivism ot society Programme 1938 arge unions are detensve clear V states that the task ot organisations that are not Individualism the Fourth International is to designed for state power.

Call y

VUL

within them the torces can "agitation, propaganda and The objective processes of developed that take state organisation" in the fight to class struggle and TO f and they should be the power build parties in each country necessary response by the revol- educational training ground agitation as Lenin detined for the working class. movernent car conveying few ideas to many individual understood it The But the working class needs prepared to subordinate his/her rod- develop new organs for its personal feelings, work which consists in moods, dictatorship over the capitalist conveying a whole complex ideas few Cidss analysing the al alively the task The syndicalist wants people. confi this is not sane, then limit the working class to Propagandists those this is not are done, the defensive groups which immersed get so subjective Teenino. Ine within ine trade unions, out une can the Lne wouuction or dostiac GICTOr class to amant theorise propaganda that they are unable analysis or cut across the neces- within class those to relate to the working class.

sary intervention by the revolu struggles or the necessity to lake party the given tionary state power and so he struggles Guerrillaism situation. for a communist perspective in Subjectivism, this failure those struggles. dispassionately Seeking to substitute armed enoace political analysis, is particularly guerrilla struggle small hard to overcome in the case arous caseo in rural areas tor people with a protessional the bourgeois background both wedsall ls entire dna around a broaramme ot trans social training nas taught them itional and democratic demands.

to value themselves Guerrillaism uals and their personal prestige Latin America became expression majority trend within the subjectivism, arises when 'United' Secretariat the individual members of the revol- interational Ine Oar tv seek шо acI l 1960s, in the aftermath of the under the discipline the Cuban revolution its strength party. drawing verv document on ana assisune its worK

COUT ON

which the 1963 'reunification' their own personal whims and took place talked of inserting decisions, inus cuttin InET 'strategy' of guerrilla war- ThA selves off the party's trom into the Trotskyist experience and often sabotaging its actions he nolley enshrinen in the which Bourgeois 1969 9th World Congress, led everyone portrays to wholesale confusion and uals and tails to recognise the Tracic losses among the or class divisions or society, rein forces in Latin America, but has forces this tendency, and only recently been formally ensures that is a continuing Trots! - the USFI leader- ascaraceov problem to be fought within the ship. revolutionarv movement Healey and better higher wages conditions for the working class.

As cao tas enters a crisis the objective needs and require working class InTO incredsine with the needs and requirements of the bosses win further retorms from crisis ridden canit.

alism, the reformist leaders are turn to a defence o torced to systen their own members and suppor- inevitably Such actics. provoke conflicts between the cratic reformist leaders and the reason in general not political, wut economic. stake is seen not as the owner- ship of a particular factory muusurv. out me wades ano con ditions meted out by the owners to the workforce. Such abroach leaves in the portical controi tirmly hands of the bourgeoisie and the labour bureaucracy. What is to Lenin Done? pointed to the need for revolutionaries i to a fight wage consciousness ot ine working class, if a leadership is to be capable of leading the revolutionary overthrow capitalism. Those who took the oppos- were ing view «termed 'Economists'-since they belleved that the task of revol ADVENTURISM: Willingness to enter into major struggles without political preparation or adequate forces to protect those involved. Ill-conceived actions in response to provo.

cations by the forces of the state.

FEMINISM

Militant advocacy and struggle ( TO women s ronts Bourgeois feminist movements seek such rights within the Tramework or cao talism. where as socialists recognise the tull equality achievable withouth the socialist of society and the eliminatior Tne family unit. = ==-= Page 7 retormist ideas that inev oeecte conflict brings . with it the possibility complete break ov wore sections or tit working class from reformisn such I a point the role of the left retormists is to try anc head ott such a movement witr their left wing rhetoric But these spineless talkers fe.o Ine unites are com pletely unwilling and indeed unable to lead a consistent fight against the rignt wing are just as wedded to They reformism die-

MUS!

hard right wing reformist.

Maoism The brand Stalinist politics linked Mar • se-tung leave Chinese Communist Party, which had ridden • power the wake of the collapse of the imperialist-backed Chiang Kai-shek regime in 1949. diehard remained defender Stalin and "socialism in a single country",

OUT

TroN ever weake material base than the Kremli the Kremlin bureaucracy Russia ot tre lyzUs utionaries was to sup merely the spon port and link uni •taneous, trade union struggles of Cidss dile them political character' Lenin referred to these daily trade struggle: UnOn 'spontaneity" working class a: and stressed need for the within such Touant TOt struggles anti-political approach Economists ana mel pandering to the most elemen- tary levels of trade union con. sciousness are todav aped by the British Socialist Workers Party.

Their political method- somelimes reterreo to as rana and fileism-avoids any fight within the working class for the metnoos substituting in their ivarxism. place trade union demands. politics and single-issue campaigning put forward by the bourgeois feminists. This leads them into the swamd aUTonomous women's groups excluding men.

laken to excitinct wings teminism

Page 8

BONAPARTISM

"The decline capitalist (Tunisia), military juntas (Pakis- societv places Bonapartism-side Tan or rascist partles or emer- and ging from within

SIGE

with fascism coupled with it-again on the process under order way nor Lankdr sub•resses cv! war. or orecedar or does not allow it to rekindle." (Trotsky) his writings on Germany ne scientric understancing of Bonapartism was developed 1932, Trotsky by Marx and later Trotsky when such conditions they andysea une dictatorsnios recimes are created and me his of the emperors Napoleon Bona- task they are required and Napoleon parte to perform. mighty rrance camas Bonapartist locked in irreconcilable conflict.

regimes appear in various guises-headed by parlia Neither side can cliques mentary means. bureaucrate Neither would

ZIONISM

doctrine Conservative-Liberal coalition published the 'Balfour Declara invented in 1895 by a Hungar ian-born Jewish journalist called tion supporting a Jewish state- I heodor Herze Inouen not it snowe be noted the expense of the local Herze, who was an admirer of Cecil Rhodes and other nine- inhabitants teent century colonialsts i ne LIOnISTS Hater Turned wrote his pamphlet The against the British and won the Jewish State that anti-semitism support of Stalin's Russia and of imperialists the Ine TOr ing those responsible for it or by setting up the racially changing and exclusive state of Israel in 1948.

sucid conuitions inal oroueal il about but by setting up a state for Jews, from which all other nationalities would be excluded.

This state has never occupied Ine conIs! movement nas obtaining always operated by merely the territory set out tor support from the chief imperial- by the United in 1948, expanded antone est lids available. series Tronners predatory wars in 1948, 1956 early period, it in the and 1967, carried out in alliance convincee Ine Dillisi covern- ment that it would be in their WiTh various sections interests to imperialism. set up The development new Ulster in the Middle East against the development of Arab militant movement ot the dis- liberation movements possessed Palestinians since the So the August 196Us and the setback of the

CHAUVINISM

of the This term is derived from the Dureduci alic ledueis legendary Nicolas Chauvin, workers' movement for the war Napoleonic soldier of obsessive ettorts bv imperialism. or tor patriotism and devotion to his nationalist economic policies pursued by a section of capital general. Marxists use the word to des- ists at the expense of foreign" particularly by support, competition (e.g. import cribe controls. Sexism Male chauvinism In the sense of "support for chauvinism the oppressor has Insistence maintaining of rigid views the diso been extended lo ine drela the women's „TO: rights, where discrimina- society-leading anti-gay inequality, descrives

SUDDUL TOT

Lne con- tinued oppressive role of men in oronadaned he sexist attitude towards in the hands women brands them as inevit- unrortunately of the women's liberation move- 'wife', 'mother', the been term 'home-maker' and a sex-object, whereas men are pressured to tly, used that its real content is the bourgeois

COROTTE

often obscured. notions ot masculinity - acores siveness, dominance, virility and unquestioned heterosexuality.

such rarticular views-which are promoted on side the by educa the arts and meuld, system as well tion as•v existing social system-are women and gay men. Next an me cave A historically-evolved mode are particularly rife within the leadership bureauc dlic means of production (factories, Labour and trade union move- materials, etc) Lus, lavv Early capitalism willingly accept decision The interests ot the whole bu in socierb lo to shadows a split the effects of social in society foreshadows a cannot be so easily determiner war: The Thost threat of civil war mechanics. creates a need in the ruling class The government itself for made of flesh ano bone. tor a Caesar That preciselv up with certain classes Bound and their interests. the tunction of bonabartism a Bonaparte is by In peaceful times a democra- means indispensible for Bona- lic partiament seems to be tne best instrument for reconciling barrism. i existence or two irreconcilable camps is enough. conflicting forces. when the all-powerful fundamental forces veer off at The role of arbiter can be filled by, a clique 180-degree angles, pulling in instead of a person.. then opposite directions, the 'Every claims opening for a Bonapartist dicta recite stand above classes, safeguarding torship appears." 21073 war have fores in the 1973 have brought concentrate establishing friendly relations with those sections of the Arab bourgeoisie notab v Egypt who have little chance of masses in their own countries.

The Zionists have won the firm support of a number British leaders-from retormIsu hamsey ivacoonala to haroid Wilson and Tribunite 'lefts' today. Fascist dictator Franco Imperialism Marx showed how all class when the retrogressive. stage two

COCIATIAC

nasser Throllan class relations became a tetter first, in which they on further development. Were send prut essive dill "Imoerialism' the term cevelope• numanitv s torces production; and the second, which Lenin gave to this second 'Imperialism' a mural by Diego Rivera Capitalism, bourgeois privately owned by a minority Both the urban petty bour- geoisie Cabilalisl cidss-une wourueoisie.

anotne

•COT

which uses them to accumulate and must be won to the side of profit, through surplus the working class in revolution- struggles, the expullalon o a orooerly• over less working class-the proletar- leadership and a correct combin- which owns nothing but its ation of democratic and trans dull ly

• LO. WOTK

itiona demanes. It Is an anarchic system in which each individual capitalist competes against each If this is not done, then this other concern for a share of the unstable social stratum market in which the supreme the accumulation of issue reduersnio providing the caoital, not numan need material for reactionary even fascist movements designed working class smash une movement. Bourgeois ideology is the Between vies an ill defined mai. main term used to refer to the system of ideas classes, customs, philosophy elaborated by pourecoise which randes trom Lute professional and managerial •oureeoise in gatence

COTT

through intellectuals, class interests-its private owner- workers, self-emploved and small farmers ship of the means of productior and businessmen. property, and ano The petty bourgeoisie "right" to exploit the working capitalist backward economies class. Also within the overldes

VILN

peasantry small holders the land. bourgeois ideology are those Desperate 'last card' of crisis- ridden capitalism wherebv the most prosperous section of the capitalist class mobilises a rabble backward layers of workers, and other around nationalist and uses ant union agitation them as a battering ram to attack and destroy the organis ations and democratic rignts o the working class. Against fascism, Trotsky ! argued tor a united front of al retrogressive stage of capitalism which began around 1900. His book, Imperialism, the Highest Stage Capitalism characteristics analysed the monopoly. stace dominance of over the industrial capital; growing advanced (imperialist) countries; the division of the world the warmel alone cabilalls monopolies along with the of territorial division or ine world Lenin's Imperial- Politicaily ism was the theoretical founda- tion of the Third Communist, Inte natona First showed how the World War which most tne barles or me decono intel national had supported bourgeoisie) was the result of the destructive rivalries the avancee canals nations. Imperialism was, therefore, Ine ace cabilalism s • oecav the age in which capitalism had achieved all it was capable of fo Imperialism to revolutionary Marxists, therefore, ace ot a new social revolution the socialist revolution.

political currents within the workers movement unal seek le liberate the working class SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 20 December 1978

FASCISM

workers organisations, the estab- lishment workers defence programme soudo s and a socialist demands designed both to detend past gains and to leac The soCialIst revolution which alone could put an end to the tascist menace

NATIONALISM

as Marx and Engels said no countv It is an international class, the first in world history : class society Cadet Create without class or national antag Revolutionary Marxism, therefore, is hostile to national- general it is an obstacle to world socialism.

Lenin nowever. pointed out its imperialist epoch 1h21 capitalism the great liberator of nations had become the great oppressor of nations" So although the nationalism the imperialist nations unamonuous v reactionary . une struggle of oppressed nations for national liberation Car a temporarily revol- utionary role. Marxists always oppose nationa oooression and suoport the right of the people of all nations to self-determination.

pne objective o proletariar internationalism is the voluntary United nations Socialist States of the World Internationalism is rejected only nationalist bourgeoisie even reformism le.g the ett Tribune group's cherished import by

CURLUIS

dile Stalinism its pursuit of alliances with , the bourgeoisie in

LITE

Cadilalsi Counties ane "socialism one country" the degenerated workers' states.

Fascism-a last resort for imperialism without changing the fundamen of the capitalist system-

TAIS

reformism.